ABSTRACT
Background: There is scanty information about bone mineral density in newborns. Normal values are needed to assess the effects of diseases and drugs used during the neonatal period. Aim: To assess bone mineral density in normal newborns. Patients and methods: Total body bone mineral density was measured in 16 newborns with 39 ñ 1.2 weeks of gestational age, using a Norland dual photon densitometer. Results: The mean weight of newborns was 3.366 ñ 325 g. Bone mineral content was 58.3 ñ 10.8 g and bone mineral density was 0.369 ñ 9.6 g/cm2. Results: The availability of normal bone mineral content values in newborns will be useful for the assessment of conditions that affect bone mineralisation
Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Female , Densitometry , Bone Density/physiology , Reference Values , Absorptiometry, Photon , Prenatal DiagnosisABSTRACT
Objetivo: estudiar el efecto de alimentar prematuros sanos con peso adecuado para la edad gestacional (RNPrT-AEG) con una fórmula convencional (FC) que no aporta ácidos grasos poliinsaturados de cadena larga o con leche humana de pretérmino (CMPrT), sobre el contenido de ácidos grasos de cadena larga en los fosfolípidos de sus eritrocitos al tercer día de vida. Método: se comparó la composición porcentual de los ácidos grasos saturados, monoinsaturados y poliinsaturados, de la fracción fosfolípidica de eritrocitos, en RNPrT-AEG en sangre de cordón y al tercer día de vida, después de ser alimentados por vía enteral con FC o CMPrT. Así mismo se compararon los resultados con los obtenidos en recién nacidos de término (RNT) alimentados con leche humana de término (CMT). Resultados: tanto los RNPrT-AEG alimentados con FC como con CMPrT disminuyeron los niveles de ácidos grasos monoinsaturados al tercer día de vida (17,8 y 17,5 vs 19,2 por ciento, respectivamente, p < 0,05). Los RNPrT-AEG alimentados con CMPrT mantuvieron el contenido de ARA y DHA (12,6 y 4 vs 12,1 y 3,6 por ciento respectivamente), en tanto que los alimentados con FC disminuyeron significativamente el ácido araquidónico y docosahexaenoico (11,5 y 3 vs 12,1 y 3,6 por ciento respectivamente, p < 0,05), y todos los ácidos grasos poliinsaturados de cadena larga (mayor igual 20 C; PCL), en sus eritrocitos. Al comparar al tercer día de vida los RNPrT vs RNT alimentados con calostro materno, los eritrocitos de los pretérmino tienen significativamente menos contenido de ARA y DHA (12,6 vs 13; 4 por ciento y 4 vs 4,7 por ciento, respectivamente, p < 0,05). Conclusión: el calostro materno de pretérmino permite mantener mejor el contenido de PCL a los 3 días de vida que la alimentación con una fórmula convencional, sin llegar a los niveles de PCL contenidos en eritrocitos de RNT alimentados con CMT. Los requerimientos nutricionales de los PCL de RNPrT-AEG, que deban alimentarse por vía enteral o parenteral, o que no puedan alimentarse con calostro materno, podrían cubrirse proporcionándoles precozmente fórmulas cuya cantidad y composición lipídica se asemeje a la del calostro de madres con parto prematuro
Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Fatty Acids, Unsaturated/blood , Infant, Premature/metabolism , Arachidonic Acid/blood , Fatty Acids, Unsaturated/biosynthesis , Docosahexaenoic Acids/blood , Enteral Nutrition , Erythrocytes/metabolism , Fetal Blood/metabolism , Infant, Premature/blood , Milk, Human/metabolismABSTRACT
Background: The prevalence of urinary malformations at birth is steadily increasing, probably due to the availability of better diagnostic techniques Aim: To assess the prevalence of renal agenesis, hidroureteronephrosis and polycystic kidney at birth in the obstetric wards of the University of Chile Clinical Hospital. Patients and methods: As a part of the Latin American Collaborative Study of Congenital Malformations, 54.039 consecutive births at the Maternity, between January 1982 and December 1997, were studied. Results: Eighty three newborns had urinary tract malformations (15.3/10000). Fourteen (2.6/10000) had renal agenesis, 34 (6.3/10000) had hidroureteronephrosis and 35 (6.5/10000) had polycystic kidney. Eleven percent of these children were stillbirths and 35 percent died in the first days of life. Fifty six percent were male, 34 percent female and 10 percent had ambiguous sex. Mean birth weight was 2750 g, mean gestational age was 35.4 weeks and mean maternal age was 28 years old. Twenty three percent of mothers had a history of previous abortions, 8 percent had a history of stillbirths and 10 percent a history of metrorrhagia during the first trimester of pregnancy. Twenty five percent of children had a relative with a malformation and 48 children had other associated malformations such as pulmonary hypoplasia, external malformations caused by extreme oligoamnios or internal malformations such as utereral, urinary bladder, uretral or external genitalia agenesis. Conclusions: The prevalence of urinary malformations in this hospital was higher than in other hospitals participating in the collaborative study. This difference could be due to an under registration of malformations in other hospitals
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Urinary Tract/abnormalities , Abnormalities, Multiple/epidemiology , Labor, Obstetric , Chile/epidemiology , Prevalence , Delivery Rooms/statistics & numerical data , Polycystic Kidney Diseases/congenital , Polycystic Kidney Diseases/epidemiology , Clinical Evolution , Kidney/abnormalitiesABSTRACT
Background: A high concentration of arachidonic acid in maternal erythrocytes and trophoblast could have a role in pre term deliveries. Aim: To study the fatty acid composition of long chain fatty acids from erythrocytes of mothers who gave birth to pre term and full term infants. Patients and methods: Thirty three healthy women that gave birth to healthy newborns in a public hospital were studied. Twenty two had pre term (34 weeks) and 11 full term (40 weeks) deliveries. The fatty acid profile of phospholipids isolated from erythrocytes of these women was analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography. Results: Compared to women giving birth to full term infants, phospholipids of women giving birth to pre term infants had a higher content of arachidonic acid (20:4w6) and all the species of w6 fatty acids. They also had a lower concentration of palmitic and eicosapentanoic (20:5w3) acids and thus a higher arachidonic acid/eicosapentanoic acid ratio. Conclusions: A high arachidonic acid content in phospholipids of erythrocytes could be a risk factor or predictive marker for pre term deliveries
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Adult , Erythrocytes/chemistry , Obstetric Labor, Premature/etiology , Fatty Acids/analysis , Phospholipids/analysis , Dietary Fats/analysis , Docosahexaenoic Acids , Risk Factors , Chromatography , Obstetric Labor, Premature/blood , Arachidonic Acids/adverse effects , Energy IntakeABSTRACT
Se analizan 44.736 nacimientos consecutivos, atendidos en la maternidad del Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile, entre 1983 y 1995. La incidencia de Defectos de la Pared Abdominal fue de 4,24 por 10.000, siendo de 3,57 para Onfalocele y de 0,67 para gastrosquisis. La sobrevida fue de 66 por ciento para Onfalocele y de 100 por ciento para gastrosquisis; esta diferencia se debió a la mayor incidencia de malformacines incompatibles con la vida en la primera patología. Se concluye que los avances en las técnicas quirúrgicas, el mejor manejo del feto y recién nacido y el mejor diagnóstico prenatal han permitido una mejor sobrevida de estos pacientes. El tamaño y posición de los defectos de la pared anterior del abdómen, su contenido y asociación con otras anomalías son hechos que pueden ser diagnosticados in útero con ultrasonido y permiten hacer un diagnóstico diferencial prenatal, que es extremadamente importante para el manejo del paciente
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Hernia, Umbilical/diagnosis , Infant, Newborn, Diseases , Abdominal Muscles/abnormalities , Birth Weight , Delivery Rooms/statistics & numerical data , Diagnosis, Differential , Disease-Free Survival , Gestational Age , Hernia, Umbilical/mortality , Hernia, Umbilical/surgery , Maternal Age , Prenatal DiagnosisABSTRACT
Obesity is highly prevalent and has several adverse effects on health. Its treatment is thus warranted and must aim to modify dietary and physical activity habits. The opinion of this association is that anorexigenic drugs with cathecolaminergic action (diethylpropion, phentermine, mazindol and phenylpropanolamine) or serotoninergic action (fenfluoramine and fluoxetine) may be used in moderate or severe obesity (BMI >30 kg/m2) after a complete clinical assessment and in the context of an integral medical treatment. This association recommends a close surveillance of the use of these drugs, specially when formulated as non-propietary prescriptions